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Novel Ultrasound-Launched Targeted Nanoparticle Eliminates Biofilm and Bacterial Infection

By MedImaging International staff writers
Posted on 17 Apr 2024

Image: Schematic diagram of the ultrasound-stimulated phase-shift nanoparticle drug delivery system for biofilm therapy (Photo courtesy of BIO Integration)

Biofilms, formed by bacteria aggregating into dense communities for protection against harsh environmental conditions, are a significant contributor to various infectious diseases. Biofilms frequently develop on the surfaces of organs and medical devices, such as bones, teeth, urethras, catheters, stents, and contact lenses, leading to complicated infectious diseases. Traditional treatment methods for biofilm-related infections typically involve high doses of antibiotics, which may create severe antibiotic resistance. Among the pathogens that are especially associated with antibiotic resistance, infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose a global health threat. Now, a novel ultrasound-launched targeted nanoparticle has been shown to universally destroy biofilms, target specific bacteria, administer antibiotics, and eliminate bacteria through ultrasonic cavitation and antibacterial sonodynamic therapy.

The nanoparticle developed by researchers at Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) consists of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) loading ciprofloxacin and perfluoropentane with a bacteria-targeted antibody installed on the nanoparticle for binding to specific bacteria. This nanoparticle is highly responsive to ultrasound, and the rapid liquid-gas phase transition of perfluoropentane creates a cavitation effect that destroys the extracellular polymeric substances of the biofilm and enables the antibiotics to penetrate deeper. Additionally, under ultrasonic stimulation, ciprofloxacin promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, enhancing its bactericidal impact and potent anti-infective activity in vivo.

Thus, this innovative ultrasound-activated targeted nanoparticle provides an effective means of antibiotic delivery, bacterial elimination, and biofilm removal. The nanoparticle demonstrated a sensitive response to ultrasonic stimulation, including rapid liquid-gas phase transition, cavitation effect, and biofilm destruction for enabling deeper antibiotics penetration. Additionally, the bacteria-specific antibody was conjugated on the nanoparticle to target and bind to bacteria. Under ultrasound irradiation, ciprofloxacin generated reactive oxygen species in the bacterial cells, effectively killing the bacteria. Therefore, the ultrasound-launched targeted nanoparticle represents a promising approach to manage antibiotic resistance and the removal of biofilms via ultrasonic cavitation and antibacterial sonodynamic therapy.

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89 (36.954879760742): SELECT show_live FROM jos_com_show_setting LIMIT 1

90 (!!!!! 5130.0525665283): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

91 (128.98445129395): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

92 (!!!!! 1177.7877807617): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294800903 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

93 (730.99136352539): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

94 (969.17152404785): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

95 (665.90309143066): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.id=294800903 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

96 (!!!!! 7599.1153717041): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1

97 (!!!!! 3808.9752197266): SELECT dp.name, dp.id, dp2.name as channel, ex.name as author_name, ex.specialization, ex.images FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as ex ON ex.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as dp2 ON dp2.id = dp.fid WHERE dp.author != 0 AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND ( (dp.fid = 294743300) OR (dp.fid = 294743301) OR (dp.fid = 294743302) OR (dp.fid = 294743303) OR (dp.fid = 294743304) OR (dp.fid = 294743305) OR (dp.fid = 294743306) OR (dp.fid = 294743307) OR (dp.fid = 294743308) OR (dp.fid = 294743309) OR (dp.fid = 294743310) ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1

98 (!!!!! 4220.0088500977): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

99 (!!!!! 6370.0675964355): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

100 (!!!!! 4307.0316314697): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

101 (310.89782714844): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

102 (!!!!! 10735.988616943): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

103 (!!!!! 8003.9501190186): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

104 (404.83474731445): SELECT * FROM trending_articles WHERE `journal_id` = 10 AND `timestamp` <= NOW() + INTERVAL 7 DAY ORDER BY `order`

105 (!!!!! 62361.001968384): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE jos_deeppockets.cat = 10 AND jos_deeppockets.type = 'deeppockets_item' AND jos_deeppockets.published = 1 AND jos_deeppockets.created + INTERVAL 14 DAY >= NOW() ORDER BY jos_deeppockets.hits DESC LIMIT 7

106 (133.03756713867): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

107 (66.041946411133): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

108 (768.18466186523): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800903 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800903 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1

109 (133.03756713867): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3

110 (46.968460083008): ( SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.video != '' AND dp.video_source != '' AND dp.cat = 10 AND dp.published = 1 AND dp.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) UNION ( SELECT dpa.id, dpa.name, dpa.title, dpa.video, dpa.video_source, dpa.created FROM jos_deeppockets_archive AS dpa WHERE dpa.video != '' AND dpa.video_source != '' AND dpa.cat = 10 AND dpa.published = 1 AND dpa.type != 'deeppockets_item_link' ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3 ) ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 3

111 (43.869018554688): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800513 LIMIT 1

112 (39.100646972656): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800513 LIMIT 1

113 (54.121017456055): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800359 LIMIT 1

114 (37.908554077148): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800359 LIMIT 1

115 (45.061111450195): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800361 LIMIT 1

116 (37.908554077148): SELECT dp.id, dp.name, dp.title, dp.video, dp.video_source, dp.created FROM jos_deeppockets AS dp WHERE dp.id = 294800361 LIMIT 1

117 (574.11193847656): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

118 (!!!!! 1394.0334320068): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=214

119 (123.02398681641): SELECT name FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE id=214

120 (646.11434936523): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))214((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3

121 (422.00088500977): SELECT *, DATE_FORMAT(publish_up,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_up, DATE_FORMAT(publish_down,'%d %b %Y') AS date_publish_down FROM jos_events WHERE state=1 AND publish_up > NOW() and extra_info REGEXP '((;)|(^))214((;)|($))' AND catid IN (0,110) ORDER BY publish_up ASC LIMIT 3

122 (110.14938354492): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

123 (69.141387939453): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

124 (!!!!! 12704.849243164): TRUNCATE TABLE jos_trademed_module

125 (128.98445129395): SELECT dp.*, ch.title as channel, exp.name as author_name, exp.specialization as author_specialization, exp.images as author_photo FROM jos_deeppockets as dp LEFT JOIN jos_experts as exp ON exp.id = dp.author LEFT JOIN jos_deeppockets as ch ON dp.fid = ch.id WHERE 1=1 AND dp.cat=10 AND dp.id=294800903 AND (dp.type='deeppockets_item' OR dp.type='deeppockets_item_link') AND dp.published='1' LIMIT 1

126 (606.06002807617): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

127 (158.78677368164): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND (type='deeppockets_item' OR type='deeppockets_item_link') AND published='1' LIMIT 1

128 (!!!!! 2878.9043426514): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

129 (132.08389282227): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

130 (!!!!! 1837.9688262939): SELECT jos_item.* FROM jos_item INNER JOIN jos_number ON jos_item.numberID=jos_number.id WHERE 1=1 AND (jos_item.imgMini<>'') AND jos_item.type='L' AND jos_item.numberID= ( SELECT jos_number.id FROM jos_number WHERE jos_number.journalID IN (10) and jos_number.id in (select distinct jos_number.id from jos_number join jos_item on jos_item.numberid=jos_number.id where jos_item.type='P') ORDER BY (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,1,2),SIGNED) + (CONVERT(SUBSTRING(issue,3,2),SIGNED)*100)) DESC LIMIT 0,1 ) ORDER BY RAND() DESC LIMIT 6

131 (102.99682617188): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

132 (75.101852416992): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

133 (119.92454528809): SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800903 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' union SELECT fid FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE cat=10 AND id=294800903 AND type='deeppockets_item' AND published='1' LIMIT 1

134 (41.961669921875): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=214 or channel_id is null)

135 (34.093856811523): select distinct links.* from jos_textlinks links join jos_textlinks_placement placement on links.id=placement.link_id where journal_id=(10) and (channel_id=214 or channel_id is null)

136 (51.975250244141): SELECT livesite FROM jos_dp_categories WHERE id=10 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

137 (!!!!! 1618.8621520996): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

138 (87.02278137207): SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' union SELECT * FROM jos_deeppockets_archive WHERE 1=1 AND id=294800903 AND published='1' LIMIT 1

139 (93.936920166016): select jos_twitters.link from jos_twitters where cat=10

140 (43.869018554688): select jos_facebook.link from jos_facebook where cat=10

141 (41.007995605469): select jos_google_plus.link from jos_google_plus where cat=10

142 (39.815902709961): select jos_linkedin.link from jos_linkedin where cat=10

143 (586.03286743164): update jos_bannersmanager_banner set impmade=impmade+1 where id in(14615,14202,14203)

144 (!!!!! 1442.9092407227): insert into jos_banners_delta values (14615,'2025-04-29 11:17:07','52.14.244.213','view'),(14202,'2025-04-29 11:17:07','52.14.244.213','view'),(14203,'2025-04-29 11:17:07','52.14.244.213','view')

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